What is an Oil Filter?

Published Date: 23rd Jun 2023

Image of a Technician changing a Car Oil Filter A car oil filter is vital to a vehicle's engine system, crucial in maintaining engine health and performance. Its primary function is to filter and remove impurities from the engine oil, ensuring clean and contaminant-free oil circulates throughout the engine.

As the engine operates, it generates by-products such as dirt, metal particles, and sludge. If these contaminants are not filtered out, they can cause excessive wear and tear on engine components, leading to reduced efficiency, poor performance, and potential engine damage. The oil filter acts as a barrier, trapping and preventing contaminants from circulating with the oil.

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A typical car oil filter is a cylindrical housing that houses a filter element. The filter element is usually made of a porous material, such as synthetic fibres or cellulose, designed to capture and retain tiny particles. The impurities are trapped as the engine oil flows through the filter, allowing only clean oil to pass through and lubricate the engine's moving parts effectively.

Regular oil filter replacement is essential to ensure optimal engine performance and longevity. Over time, the filter becomes saturated with contaminants, reducing its effectiveness. Neglecting to replace the oil filter at recommended intervals can lead to oil flow restriction, increased engine wear, and potential oil starvation.

How Does a Car Oil Filter Work?

The car oil filter is a critical component of your vehicle's engine system, designed to ensure the cleanliness and longevity of your engine. It effectively removes impurities and contaminants from the engine oil, allowing only clean oil to circulate and lubricate the engine's moving parts.

When the engine runs, it generates by-products such as dirt, metal particles, and sludge. If these contaminants are not filtered out, they can cause damage to engine components and reduce engine performance. The oil filter acts as a protective barrier, capturing and trapping these impurities and preventing them from circulating with the oil.

Inside the oil filter is a filter element made of a specialised material, such as synthetic fibres or cellulose. This element has microscopic pores that allow oil to flow through while effectively capturing and retaining any harmful particles present in the oil.

As the engine operates, the oil pump draws oil directly from the oil pan and pushes it through the filter. The oil passes through the tiny openings in the filter element, which act as a sieve, trapping contaminants. The filtered oil then continues its journey, flowing to the engine's critical components, such as the crankshaft, bearings, and camshaft, providing them with the necessary lubrication.

Over time, as the filter collects more and more contaminants, it becomes saturated and less effective. That's why it's crucial to replace the oil filter regularly as part of routine maintenance. By doing so, you ensure that the engine receives clean, filtered oil, promoting optimal engine performance, reducing wear and tear, and extending the engine's lifespan.

Different Types of Oil Filters

Spin-On Oil Filter: The spin-on oil filter is the most common type found in the UK market. It features a self-contained design with a housing and filter element combined into a single unit. The benefits of a spin-on oil filter include easy installation and replacement, as the entire unit can be quickly screwed on and off. They also tend to have larger filter media, allowing for more efficient filtration and extended service intervals.

Cartridge Oil Filter: Cartridge oil filters consist of a replaceable filter element housed within a permanent housing. When it comes time for replacement, only the filter element needs to be changed, which can be more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Cartridge filters often have a larger surface area, providing enhanced filtration capabilities and improved oil flow.

Magnetic Oil Filter: Magnetic oil filters incorporate a magnet within the filter housing or filter element. This magnet attracts and captures metallic particles circulating in the oil, such as fine metal shavings. By removing these particles, magnetic filters help prevent engine wear and prolong the life of engine components. They are particularly beneficial for vehicles operating in heavy-duty or high-performance applications.

High-Efficiency Oil Filter: High-efficiency oil filters are designed to provide superior filtration performance. They feature advanced filter media that can capture smaller particles, providing a higher level of protection for the engine. These filters are particularly beneficial in dusty or dirty environments where increased filtration is essential.

Extended-Life Oil Filter: Extended-life oil filters are designed to have a longer service life than standard filters. They are built with enhanced filter media and construction to withstand higher mileage intervals between replacements. These filters suit drivers who want to reduce maintenance frequency and minimise environmental impact by generating less waste.

Synthetic Oil Filter: Synthetic oil filters are specifically designed for synthetic engine oils. They offer excellent compatibility and provide optimal filtration efficiency for synthetic oil formulations. Synthetic filters often have a higher dirt-holding capacity and superior flow characteristics, ensuring consistent oil flow even in extreme temperatures.

Each type of oil filter offers unique benefits, and your choice depends on the specific requirements of your vehicle and driving conditions. It is recommended to consult your vehicle manufacturer's recommendations and seek guidance from automotive professionals to select the most suitable oil filter for your car.

Which type of Oil Filter is better?

Determining the "better" oil filter depends on various factors, such as the vehicle's requirements, driving conditions, and personal preferences. Different oil filters offer unique features and benefits that cater to specific needs. Here are a few considerations:

Filtration Efficiency: Look for an oil filter that provides high filtration efficiency, effectively removing contaminants from the oil and preventing engine damage. High-efficiency and extended-life oil filters are designed to offer superior filtration performance.
Compatibility: Ensure the oil filter matches your vehicle's make, model, and engine specifications. Consult your vehicle manufacturer's recommendations or seek advice from automotive professionals to select the appropriate filter.
Build Quality: Opt for an oil filter from a reputable manufacturer known for producing quality products. A well-constructed filter with durable materials can ensure its reliability and effectiveness.
Environmental Impact: Always consider the environmental impact of the oil filter. Cartridge filters, for example, generate less waste as only the active filter element needs to be replaced, making them a more eco-friendly option.
Performance Under Extreme Conditions: If you frequently drive in harsh or extreme conditions, such as off-road or high-performance applications, consider filters designed for those specific requirements, such as high-efficiency or synthetic oil filters.

Ultimately, following the vehicle manufacturer's guidelines and specifications is recommended when choosing an oil filter. They are the best source of information regarding the filter that suits your vehicle's needs. Additionally, seeking advice from automotive professionals will help you make an informed decision based on your specific driving habits and vehicle requirements.

What are the usual issues with Oil filters?

While oil filters are designed to provide effective filtration and protect the engine, they can encounter certain issues. Here are some common problems associated with oil filters:

Clogging: Oil filters can become clogged with debris and contaminants over time. This can restrict oil flow and reduce lubrication, resulting in engine wear and potential damage. Regular oil and filter changes are necessary to prevent clogging.
Bypass Valve Failure: Oil filters have a bypass valve that will allow oil to bypass your filter if it becomes excessively clogged. However, if the bypass valve fails to open or close properly, it can lead to inadequate filtration or excessive bypassing, compromising engine protection.
Leaks: When the seals or gaskets in the oil filter are faulty, oil leaks can ensue, bringing about oil loss, insufficient lubrication, and even engine damage if left unresolved. Fitting the filter correctly and regularly scrutinising its seals is imperative to avoid such mishaps.
Compatibility Issues: Using an incompatible or incorrect oil filter for your vehicle can cause problems. It may not fit properly, leading to leaks or inadequate filtration. Always refer to the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations or consult an automotive professional to ensure proper filter selection.
Structural Failure: On rare occasions, structural failures may occur in oil filters like canisters, housing breakage, or cracking caused by intense pressure or impact. Such incidents can lead to oil leakage, filtration loss and potential engine damage.

Choosing a high-quality oil filter from a reputable manufacturer, adhering to the recommended maintenance timetable, and ensuring proper installation, are all fundamental to reducing the incidence of problems. Routine inspection should be carried out to identify early signs of leaks, damage, or clogging in the filter. If any concerns arise, it is always recommended you seek the assistance of a local qualified mechanic or automotive professional for proper diagnosis and resolution.

How to Replace Your Car's, Oil Filter

Replacing your car's oil filter is essential to routine maintenance to ensure your engine's cleanliness and optimal performance. Here is a detailed guide on how to replace your car's oil filter:

Before starting, refer to your vehicle's owner manual for specific instructions and safety precautions, as the process will vary slightly depending on your vehicle's make and model.

Tools and materials needed:

The new oil filter (ensure it matches the specifications of your vehicle)
Oil filter wrench or strap wrench
Drain pan or bucket
Clean rags or paper towels
Latex gloves (optional)
Safety glasses (optional)

Step 1: Prepare your vehicle

a) Park your car on a level surface and engage the parking brake for safety.

b) Turn off the engine and allow it to cool down for a few minutes.

Step 2: Locate the oil filter

The oil filter is always located near the engine, either on the side or underneath. Consult your vehicle's manual if you need clarification on its exact location.

Step 3: Drain the oil

a) Place the drain pan or bucket under the oil drain plug.

b) Use a wrench to loosen and remove the oil drain plug, allowing the old oil to drain completely.

c) Once the oil has drained, securely replace the drain plug and tighten it to the manufacturer's specifications.

Step 4: Remove the old oil filter

a) Place the drain pan or bucket directly under your oil filter to catch any residual oil.

b) Using an oil filter wrench or strap wrench, loosen and carefully remove the old oil filter in a counterclockwise direction. Be cautious, as it may still contain some oil.

c) Allow the remaining oil in the filter housing to drain into the pan.

Step 5: Prepare the new oil filter

a) Before installing the new filter, lightly coat the rubber gasket on the top of the filter with clean engine oil. This helps create a proper seal and facilitates easy removal during the next oil change.

Step 6: Install the new oil filter

a) Carefully screw the new oil filter onto the filter housing by hand. Ensure it's tightened securely, but avoid overtightening.

b) If using an oil filter wrench, only use it to tighten the filter snugly, not to over-tighten.

Step 7: Clean up and check for leaks

a) Wipe any spilt oil or residue around the filter and surrounding areas using clean rags or paper towels.

b) If used, Lower the vehicle from the jack stands and inspect the filter and drain plug for any signs of leakage.

c) Start the engine and let it run for a few minutes while checking for leaks around the filter and drain plug. If leaks are detected, immediately shut off the engine and address the issue.

Step 8: Dispose of the old oil filter and oil

Dispose of used oil and filters appropriately by taking them to a designated recycling centre or an authorised facility. Avoid putting them in regular household waste, as it is not environmentally friendly.

Regularly replacing the oil filter as part of your vehicle's maintenance schedule will help keep your engine running smoothly and protect it from potential damage caused by contaminants.

How to Prolong the Life of Your Car's Oil Filter

To prolong the life of your car's oil filter and maintain its effectiveness in filtering contaminants from the engine oil, consider the following guidance notes:

Follow recommended oil change intervals: Adhere to the manufacturer's guidelines for oil change intervals. Regularly replacing the engine oil at the recommended mileage or time intervals helps prevent excessive build-up of contaminants in the oil, reducing strain on the oil filter.
Use high-quality engine oil: Select a high-quality engine oil that meets the required specifications outlined in your vehicle's owner manual. High-quality oils contain detergents and additives that help reduce sludge and deposits, minimising the workload on the oil filter.
Replace the oil filter during oil changes: When you change the engine oil, replace the oil filter. Over time, your filter will become clogged with debris and lose its effectiveness. Installing a new filter ensures optimal filtration and helps maintain engine performance.
Use the correct oil filter: Ensure you select the right oil filter for your vehicle based on the make, model, and engine specifications. Using the correct filter size and type recommended by the manufacturer ensures proper fitment and filtration efficiency.
Inspect the filter for leaks: Routinely check the oil filter for any signs of leaks or damage. Inspect the area around the filter during oil changes and periodically during routine maintenance. If you notice any leaks or abnormalities, promptly address the issue by replacing the filter or addressing the underlying problem.
Avoid over-tightening the filter: When installing a new oil filter, ensure it is securely tightened, but avoid over-tightening. Over-tightening can lead to filter deformation or damage, causing leaks or difficulty during future removal.
Keep the engine air intake clean: A clean air intake system helps reduce the amount of debris and contaminants entering the engine, ultimately reducing the workload on the oil filter. Regularly inspect and replace air filters as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
Avoid harsh driving conditions: Harsh driving conditions, like excessive idling, hauling heavy loads or driving in sandy or dusty terrain, take a toll on oil filters. Minimise these conditions whenever possible to elongate the life of the filter.

By following these guidance notes, you can help prolong the life of your car's oil filter, ensuring its optimal performance and contributing to your engine's overall health and longevity. Regular maintenance and adhering to manufacturer recommendations are key to maximising the lifespan of the oil filter and maintaining engine efficiency.

Here are some key takeaways:

Follow recommended oil change intervals to prevent excessive build-up of contaminants.
Use high-quality engine oil with appropriate additives to reduce sludge and deposits.
Replace the oil filter during oil changes to ensure optimal filtration.
Select the correct oil filter based on vehicle specifications for proper fitment and efficiency.
Regularly inspect the oil filter for leaks or damage during maintenance.
Avoid over-tightening the filter to prevent deformation or leaks.
Maintain a clean engine air intake to reduce debris entering the engine.
Minimise harsh driving conditions that can strain the oil filter.
Proper maintenance and adherence to manufacturer recommendations will prolong the life of the oil filter and contribute to engine health and longevity.

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